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run:


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For the verb: "to run"
Simple Past: ran
Past Participle: run

Concise Oxford English Dictionary © 2008 Oxford University Press:
run/rʌn/
verb (runs, running, ran /ran/; past part. run)
  • 1 move at a speed faster than a walk, never having both or all feet on the ground at the same time.

    ■ enter or be entered in a race.

    ■ (of hounds) chase or hunt their quarry.

    ■ (of a boat) sail straight and fast directly before the wind.

    ■ (of a migratory fish) go upriver from the sea in order to spawn.

  • 2 move about in a hurried and hectic way.
  • 3 pass or cause to pass: Helen ran her fingers through her hair.

    ■ move forcefully: the tanker ran aground.

    informal fail to stop at (a red traffic light).

    chiefly N. Amer. navigate (rapids or a waterfall) in a boat.

  • 4 flow or cause to flow.

    ■ cause water to flow over.

    ■ emit or exude a liquid: her nose was running.

    ■ (of dye or colour) dissolve and spread when wet.

  • 5 (of a bus, train, etc.) make a regular journey on a particular route.

    ■ transport in a car: I'll run you home.

  • 6 be in charge of; manage or organize.

    ■ continue, operate, or proceed: everything's running according to plan.

    ■ own, maintain, and use (a vehicle).

  • 7 function or cause to function.
  • 8 (run in) (of a quality or trait) be common or inherent in.
  • 9 stand as a candidate.
  • 10 pass into or reach a specified state or level.
  • 11 chiefly N. Amer. (of a stocking or pair of tights) develop a ladder.
  • 12 publish or be published in a newspaper or magazine.
  • 13 smuggle (goods).
  • 14 N. Amer. informal cost (someone) (a specified amount).
noun
  • 1 an act or spell of running.

    ■ a running pace.

    ■ an annual mass migration of fish up or down a river.

  • 2 a journey or route.

    ■ a short excursion made in a car.

  • 3 a spell of producing, proceeding, or operating: a run of bad luck.

    ■ a continuous stretch or length of something.

    ■ a rapid series of musical notes.

    ■ a sequence of cards of the same suit.

  • 4 (a run on) a widespread and sudden demand for: a big run on nostalgia toys.
  • 5 a course or track made or regularly used: a ski run.
  • 6 (the run) the average or usual type: she stood out from the general run of Tory women.
  • 7 Cricket a unit of scoring achieved by hitting the ball so that both batsmen are able to run between the wickets.

    Baseball a point scored by the batter returning to home plate after touching the bases.

  • 8 an enclosed area in which animals or birds may run freely in the open.

    ■ (the run of) free and unrestricted use of or access to somewhere.

    Austral./NZ a large open stretch of land used for pasture or livestock.

  • 9 a ladder in stockings or tights.
  • 10 a downward trickle of liquid.
  • 11 a small stream or brook.
  • 12 (the runs) informal diarrhoea.
  • 13 Nautical the after part of a ship's bottom where it rises and narrows towards the stern.
– phrases
be run off one's feet be extremely busy.
a (good) run for one's money
  • 1 challenging competition or opposition.
  • 2 reward or enjoyment in return for one's efforts.
on the run
  • 1 escaping from arrest.
  • 2 while running or moving.
run before one can walk attempt something difficult before one has grasped the basic skills.
run dry
  • 1 (of a well or river) cease to flow or have any water.
  • 2 (of a supply) be completely used up.
(make a) run for it attempt to escape by running away.
run foul (or chiefly N. Amer. afoul) of
  • 1 Nautical collide or become entangled with.
  • 2 come into conflict with.
run into the sand come to nothing.
run low (or short) (of a supply) become depleted.
run off at the mouth N. Amer. informal talk excessively or indiscreetly.
run a temperature be suffering from a high temperature.
run someone/thing to ground (or Brit. earth) Hunting chase a quarry to its lair.

Brit. find someone or something after a long search.

– phrasal verbs
run across meet or find by chance.
run after informal pursue persistently.
run along informal go away.
run away
  • 1 take flight; escape.
  • 2 try to avoid facing up to danger or difficulty.
run away with
  • 1 escape the control of: Susan's imagination was running away with her.
  • 2 win (a competition or prize) easily.
run something by (or past) tell (someone) about something, in order to obtain an opinion or reaction.
run someone/thing down
  • 1 (of a vehicle) hit and knock over a person or animal.
  • 2 criticize someone or something unfairly or unkindly.
  • 3 discover someone or something after a search.
  • 4 (also run down) reduce or become reduced in size or resources.
  • 5 lose or cause to lose power; stop or cause to stop functioning.
  • 6 gradually deteriorate.
run someone in informal arrest someone.
run something in Brit. use something new in such a way as not to make maximum demands upon it.
run into
  • 1 collide with.

    ■ meet by chance.

  • 2 experience (a difficulty).
run off informal escape; abscond.
run something off
  • 1 produce a copy on a machine.
  • 2 write or recite something quickly and with little effort.
  • 3 drain liquid from a container.
run on continue without stopping; go on longer than is expected.
run out
  • 1 use up or be used up.
  • 2 become no longer valid.
  • 3 (of rope) be paid out.
  • 4 extend; project.
run someone out Cricket dismiss a batsman by dislodging the bails with the ball while the batsman is still running.
run over
  • 1 overflow.
  • 2 exceed (a limit).
run someone/thing over knock down a person or animal in a vehicle.
run someone through stab a person so as to kill them.
run through (or over) go over quickly or briefly as a rehearsal or reminder.
run to
  • 1 extend to or reach.
  • 2 show a tendency towards.
run something up
  • 1 allow a bill, score, etc. to accumulate.
  • 2 make something quickly or hurriedly.
  • 3 raise a flag.
run up against experience or meet (a difficulty).
run with proceed with; accept.
– derivatives
runnable adjective.
– origin OE rinnan, irnan (v.), of Gmc origin; the current form with -u- is first recorded in the 16th cent.



'run' also found in these Oxford entries:
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Look up "run" at Merriam-Webster
Look up "run" at dictionary.com

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