| ترجمات رئيسية |
| by prep | (close: beside, near to) | عند |
| | The keys are by the door over there. |
| | توجد المفاتيح هناك عند الباب. |
| by prep | (close: around) | عند، قرب |
| | There's a drinking fountain by the tennis court. |
| | هناك نافورة ماء للشرب قرب ملعب التينس. |
| by prep | (close: past) | بجانب |
| | We always walk by the post office on the way to work. |
| | نمر دائمًا بجانت البريد في الطريق إلى العمل. |
| by prep | (close: distance measure) | بقدر |
| | The ball missed the window by a metre. |
| | مرت الكرة بما لا يزيد عن متر واحد من النافذة. |
| by prep | (time: not later than) ظرفية | قبْل |
| | You must have the report done by Monday. |
| | يجب إتمام هذا التقرير قبل يوم الأثنين . |
| by prep | (via: using the means of) حرف جر | بـ |
| | Should we go by car or by taxi? |
| | هل نذهب بالسيارة أم بالتكسي؟ |
| by prep | (via: using a route) حرف جر | عن طريق |
| | I usually go by New York when I fly to Europe. |
| | أسافر عادة عن طريق نيويورك إلى أوروبا. |
| by prep | (author, creator) حرف جر | لـ |
| | Hamlet is a play by Shakespeare. |
| | هاملت مسرحية لشكسبير. |
| by prep | (according to) حرف جر | من خلال، بواسطة |
| | I know him by his first name. |
| | أعرفه باسمه الأول. |
| by prep | (unit of measure) حرف جر | بـ |
| | She bought eggs by the dozen. |
| | We get paid by the hour. |
| | اشترت البيض بالدزينة. |
| |
| ترجمات إضافية |
| by prep | (during) | أثناء |
| | The street is noisy by day but very quiet by night. |
| by prep | (with the authority of) | بموجب |
| | By the authority vested in me, I proclaim you husband and wife. |
| by prep | (in conformity with) | وفقاً لـ |
| | He does everything by the book. |
| by prep | (on the basis of) | من قبل، بواسطة |
| | They met by chance. |
| by prep | (after, serially) | تلو |
| | Things got more tense minute by minute. |
| | They walked down the road two by two. |
| by prep | (multiply) | ضرب (رياضيات) |
| | Two by four is eight. |
| by prep | (divide) | تقسيم (رياضيات) |
| | Twelve divided by six is two. |
| by prep | (horse paternity, sired by) | من سلالة كذا |
| | Screaming Thunder, by Screaming Eagle, won the Preakness. |
| by prep | (describing compass points) | لوصف نقاط البوصلة |
| | Head north by northeast. |
| by prep | (agent in passives) | بواسطة، من قبل |
| | The tree was cut down by his neighbour. |
| صيغ مركبة |
| abide by vtr | (obey) | يلتزم، يمتثل |
| absorbed by adj | figurative (person: engrossed in) | مستغرق في |
| | He was so absorbed by the experiment he was running that he got locked in the lab overnight. |
| absorbed by adj | literal (liquid: soaked up by) | مستوعب |
| | Sutures are made of a material that is absorbed by the body. |
| | It rained so much that the water could no longer be absorbed by the soil. |
| along by prep | UK (along the length of, next to) | على طول، مقابل |
| baptism by fire n | (difficult first experience, initiation) | تجربة أولى قاسية، استهلال |
| | My first day as a math teacher was a baptism of fire. The pupils just wouldn't keep quiet ! |
| baptism by fire n | (first combat experience for a soldier) | أول تجربة حربية يخوضها الجندي |
| | Bullets were flying all around and people were dying; it was truly a baptism by fire. |
| be caused by vtr | (result from) | ينشأ من، ينتج عن |
| | Many of his physical problems were really caused by a poor diet when he was a child. |
| | The problems with your lawn may be caused by too much water. |
| be followed by vtr | (precede, come before) | يسبق، يتقدم |
| | The calm is always followed by the storm. |
| be hosted by vtr | (be compared by) | يقارن بـ |
| be led by vtr | (be guided by) | يسير تحت قيادة فلان |
| | I will be led by my doctor's advice. |
| be led by vtr | (be managed by) | يعمل تحت إدارة فلان |
| | The research project was led by a university professor. |
| be made by vtr | (be manufactured or crafted by) | يُصنع من |
| | This beautiful cap was made by native Peruvians. |
| be powered by vtr | (run or function on) | يعمل بطاقة أو تيار كهربائي |
| | Most cars are powered by petrol. |
| be provided by vtr | (be supplied by) | يُزود |
| | Staff uniforms will be provided by the employer. |
| be written by vtr | (have as author) | يؤلف بواسطة |
| | The story was written by Edgar Allan Poe. |
| bit-by-bit, bit by bit adj | (done gradually, piecemeal) | شيئاً فشيئاً |
| ملاحظة: hyphen omitted when term is an adv |
| blow by vi | (be swept past by the wind) | تذرفه الرياح |
| | A paper bag blew by me on a windy day. |
| blow-by-blow, blow by blow adj | (step by step, as it happened) | خطوة خطوة |
| ملاحظة: hyphen used when term is before noun |
| | The eyewitness gave a blow-by-blow description of the horrific event. |
| by a great deal adv | (by a large amount or extent) | بكمية كبيرة |
| | The Indian Ocean is smaller than the Pacific Ocean by a great deal. |
| by a hair adv | (by a very slight margin, only just) | معلًق بشعرة، على هامش صغير |
| by a hair's breadth adv | (by the slightest margin) | بأصغر هامش، بأقل نسبة |
| | The horse won by a hair's breadth. |
| by a majority adv | (by most people, by more than half) | بالأغلبية |
| | They were able to pass their laws by a majority vote of 51 to 49. |
| by a narrow margin adv | (by a very small number or amount) | بهامش ضيق، بنسبة ضئيلة |
| | He was elected president by a narrow margin. |
| by a show of hands adv | (with an impromptu vote) | بتصويت ارتجالي |
| | Our class decided to continue reading the novel by a show of hands. |
| by accident adv | (mistakenly, not intentionally) | غير مقصود |
| by airmail adv | (postal delivery: via plane) | بالبريد الجوي |
| | All letters from the U.S. to Africa go by airmail these days; surface mail isn't available. |
| by all means adv | (of course, certainly) | بالتأكيد، بأي حال من الأحوال |
| by and by adv | (in a while from now) | قريباً |
| by and by adv | (after a while) | عما قريب |
| | Be patient! I'll get around to it by and by. |
| by and large adv | (in general, on the whole) | بشكل عام، على العموم |
| by any chance adv | (possibly) | في أول فرصة ممكنة |
| | Would you by any chance be able to lend me $10? |
| by any means adv | (in any way, via any method) | بأية طريقة، بأية حال |
| by birth adv | (through one's family) | من خلال العائلة |
| | The U.S. Constitution requires the president to be American by birth, not a naturalized citizen. |
| by bus adv | (travel or transport: on a bus) | السفر بالحافلة |
| by chance adv | (coincidentally) | مصادفة، بالصدفة |
| by choice adv | (willingly, of one's free will) | عن طيب خاطر، طوعياً |
| | I did not exactly retire by choice. |
| by command adv | (by giving orders) | بواسطة إصدار الأوامر |
| by common consent adv | (by the agreement of everyone) | بإجماع الآراء |
| by comparison adv | (when compared) | مقارنة، بالمقارنة |
| by comparison with prep | (compared with, relative to) | مقارنة مع |
| by consensus adv | (by general agreement) | بالإجماع |
| | Quakers make their decisions by consensus, not by compromise. |
| by contrast adv | (in opposition, on the other hand) | على النقيض، بالعكس |
| | I'm always late but you, by contrast, are always on time. |
| by default adv | (in the absence of alternatives) | افتراضياً، غيابياً، في غياب البدائل |
| | When his opponent pulled out of the match, he won by default. |
| by dint of prep | (by means of) | عن طريق كذا |
| by doing adv | informal (by practising, on the job) | بالممارسة |
| | I learn best by doing. |
| by far adv | (by a large margin) | إلى حد بعيد |
| by foot adv | (on foot, walking) | مشياً على الأقدام |
| by force adv | (using physical strength or violence) | بالقوة |
| | Soldiers generally operate by force. |
| by freight adv | (via cargo transport) | بواسطة الشحن |
| by half adv | (by 50 per cent) | إلى النصف |
| | Since I retired my income is down by half. |
| by half adv | informal (by a great deal) | بنسبة كبيرة |
| by hand adv | (manually, not by machine) | يدوياً |
| | You can see that these tools were made by hand. |
| by heart adv | (from memory) | عن ظهر قلب |
| | I learnt the sonnet by heart. |
| by himself adv | (on his own) | على عاتقه |
| | The little boy learned to tie his shoes by himself. |
| | The mother went in the store and left her son by himself in the car. |
| by instalments adv | (a bit at a time) | بالتقسيط |
| | I'm paying for my saxophone by installments of $50 each month. |
| by instinct adv | (intuitively) | بديهياً |
| | By instinct, eight years after they are hatched, the turtles find their way back to the same beach to lay their eggs. |
| by intuition adv | (instinctively) | على نحو غريزي |
| | I knew by intuition that he was a good person. |
| by itself adv | (on its own) | تلقائياً |
| | I think I'll wear this dress by itself, without its matching jacket. |
| by Jove interj | (expressing amazement) | وحق جوبيتر(تعبير اندهاش) |
| | By Jove! I thought I'd never see you again. |
| by land adv | (via land transport) | بالبر، براً |
| | We can either take the ferry across Lake Michigan, or go by land via Chicago. |
| by law adv | (legally) | قانونياً، شرعياً، بقوة القانون |
| | By law, in England the minimum age for buying alcholic beverages is eighteen. |
| by mail adv | (in the post, via the postal service) | بالبريد |
| | It seems like sending a letter by mail is a sweet old-fashioned thing to do. |
| by mail adv | informal (via e-mail) | بالبريد الإلكتروني |
| by marriage adv | (through the family of one's spouse) | بواسطة الزواج |
| | He is my uncle by marriage, certainly not by choice. |
| by means of prep | (via) | بواسطة، عن طريق |
| by memory adv | (using one's memory) | بالتذكر، بواسطة الذاكرة |
| | He knows every verse to that song by memory. |
| by mistake adv | (accidentally, not on purpose) | عن غير قصد |
| | By mistake, I gave him your phone number instead of mine! |
| by myself adv | (on my own) | على عاتقي |
| | I was able to climb to the top of the mountain by myself. |
| | I never feel lonely when I'm by myself if I have a good book to read. |
| by necessity adv | (unavoidably) | لا محالة، لا بد منه |
| | By necessity, we eat a lot of beans and very little steak. |
| by night adv | (at night-time) | ليلاً |
| | The solders staged a surprise attack by night. |
| by no means adv | (not at all, not in any way) تعبير للرفض | لا يمكن |
| by now adv | (at some point before this moment) | حتى الآن |
| | My guests should have been here by now, dinner is getting cold. |
| | The children should already be in bed by now. |
| by rail adv | (via train) | بالقطار |
| | Freight is moved either by truck or by rail. |
| by reason of prep | (because of) | بسبب |
| | Sarah was found innocent by reason of insanity. |
| by reflex adv | (automatically, instinctively) | ذاتياً، تلقائياً، من تلقاء تفسه |
| | If you see something flying toward your face, your eyes usually shut by reflex. |
| by request adv | (in response to a request) | حسب الطلب |
| | By popular request, Susan sang an encore. |
| by sea adv | (via boat or ship) | عن طريق البحر |
| | I hate travelling by sea because I get seasick easily. |
| by sight adv | (visually) | بالنظر |
| | I don't know him personally, only by sight. |
| by telephone adv | (by means of a phone call) | بواسطة الهاتف |
| | I've tried reaching him by telephone, but since no one picks up, I'm going over there to see him. |
| by the book, by-the-book adv | (according to rules or convention) | بموجب أحكام الاتفاق |
| | My boss likes to do things by the book. |
| by the dozen adv | (12 at a time) | بالدزينة |
| | Usually, I buy cookies by the dozen so I can share them with my friends. |
| by the end adv | (before the final moment) | في النهاية |
| | By the end of the first chapter, I could guess the solution to the mystery. |
| | I'm usually exhausted by the end of the day. |
| by the side of prep | (beside, next to) | بجانب، بالقرب من |
| | Our fishing camp is built by the side of the lake. |
| by the time adv | (at some point before) | بحلول |
| | You better have your chores done by the time I get home or you're in big trouble. |
| | The traffic was so bad that by the time I got to the office I was 20 minutes late. |
| by the way adv | (incidentally) | على فكرة، فيما يخص |
| | By the way, have you seen this before? |
| by then adv | (sometime before a future point) | عندئذ |
| | The party starts at 7:00 pm? I should be ready by then. |
| | By then it will be too late. |
| by this time adv | (at some point before this moment) | قبل الآن، في وقت سابق |
| | I would normally be in bed by this time. |
| | By this time, you should have finished studying for the exam. |
| by train adv | (travel or transport: on a train) | السفر بالقطار |
| by twos adv | (2 at a time) | ثنائياً |
| | Noah brought the animals into the ark by twos. |
| by twos adv | (counting alternate numbers) | اثنان اثنان بالتعاقب |
| by virtue of prep | (because of) | بمقتضى، بموجب |
| | By virtue of your mere presence, the theater's attendance doubled. |
| by water adv | (via boat or ship) | بحراً، بالبحر |
| | Last summer I went to Australia by water. |
| by way of prep | (via, going through) | بواسطة، من خلال |
| | | على سبيل كذا |
| | | بقَصْد كذا |
| | She flew from Khartoum to Kathmandu by way of Dubai. |
| by way of prep | (via, by means of) | عن طريق، بواسطة |
| by way of example adv | (as an example) | كمثال |
| by word of mouth adv | (from what other people say) | شفهياً، مشافهة |
| by yourself adv | (alone, on your own) | بمفردك، بنفسك |
| by yourself adv | (on your own, without help) | بنفسك |
| by-election n | (special election) | إنتخابات غير متوقعة |
| by-law, bylaw n | UK (local law) | القانون المحلي |
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