| Principal Translations/Traduzioni principali |
| by | prep | (close: beside, near to) | vicino a prep |
| The keys are by the door over there. |
| Le chiavi sono là, vicino alla porta. |
| by | prep | (close: around) | vicino a prep |
| There's a drinking fountain by the tennis court. |
| C'è una fontanella vicino al campo da tennis. |
| by | prep | (close: past) | davanti a prep |
| We always walk by the post office on the way to work. |
| Passiamo sempre davanti all'ufficio postale, andando al lavoro. |
| by | prep | (close: distance measure) | per, di prep |
| The ball missed the window by a metre. |
| La palla ha mancato la finestra per un metro. |
| by | prep | (time: not later than) | per prep |
| | | entro prep |
| You must have the report done by Monday. |
| Devi aver finito la relazione per lunedì. |
| Devi finire la relazione entro lunedì. |
| by | prep | (via: using the means of) | in, con prep |
| Should we go by car or by taxi? |
| Andiamo in auto o in taxi? |
| by | prep | (via: using a route) | per, da prep |
| I usually go by New York when I fly to Europe. |
| Di solito passo per New York quando vado in Europa con l'aereo. |
| by | prep | (invention, composition of) | di prep |
| Hamlet is a play by Shakespeare. |
| Amleto è un'opera teatrale di Shakespeare. |
| by | prep | (according to) | col prep + art |
| | | di prep |
| I know him by his first name. |
| Lo conosco col nome di battesimo. |
| Lo conosco di nome. |
| by | prep | (unit of measure) | a prep |
| | | all' prep + art |
| She bought eggs by the dozen. |
| We get paid by the hour. |
| Ha comprato uova a pacchi di dodici. |
| Veniamo pagati all'ora. |
| |
| Additional Translations |
| by | prep | (during) | di prep |
| The street is noisy by day but very quiet by night. |
| La strada è rumorosa di giorno, ma molto tranquilla di notte. |
| by | prep | (with the authority of) | per prep |
| By the authority vested in me, I proclaim you husband and wife. |
| Per l'autorità conferitami, vi dichiaro marito e moglie. |
| by | prep | (in conformity with) | secondo prep |
| He does everything by the book. |
| Lui fa tutto secondo il libro. |
| by | prep | (on the basis of) | per prep |
| They met by chance. |
| Si sono incontrati per caso. |
| by | prep | (after, serially) | dopo prep |
| | | a prep |
| Things got more tense minute by minute. |
| They walked down the road two by two. |
| Le cose si facevano più tese minuto dopo minuto. |
| Camminavano per la strada due a due. |
| by | prep | (multiply) | per prep |
| Two by four is eight. |
| Due per quattro fa otto. |
| by | prep | (divide) | per prep |
| Twelve divided by six is two. |
| Dodici diviso per sei fa due. |
| by | prep | (horse paternity, sired by) | figlio di nm |
| Screaming Thunder, by Screaming Eagle, won the Preakness. |
| by | prep | (describing compass points) | traduzione non disponibile |
| Head north by northeast. |
| by | prep | (agent in passives) | da prep |
| The tree was cut down by his neighbour. |
| L'albero è stato tagliato dal suo vicino. |
| Segnala un errore |
| Compound Forms/Forme composte |
| "be obsessed with, by" | | | "fissarsi di + verbo, su + sostantivo" v rif |
| abide by | vtr | (obey) | attenersi a vi |
| absorbed by | adj | figurative (person: engrossed in) | assorbito da |
| | | assorto in |
| He was so absorbed by the experiment he was running that he got locked in the lab overnight. |
| absorbed by | adj | literal (liquid: soaked up by) | assorbito da |
| Sutures are made of a material that is absorbed by the body. |
| It rained so much that the water could no longer be absorbed by the soil. |
| address by counsel | | legale | arringa nf |
| along by | prep | UK (along the length of, next to) | a fianco di |
| | | lungo il fianco di |
| as attested by | | | come attestato da |
| as by law enacted | | | a norma di legge |
| attended by | | | seguito da |
| baptism by fire | n | (difficult first experience, initiation) prima difficile esperienza, iniziazione | battesimo del fuoco nm |
| My first day as a math teacher was a baptism of fire. The pupils just wouldn't keep quiet ! |
| Il terremoto ha costituito un vero e proprio battesimo del fuoco per la nuova centrale operativa della Protezione Civile. |
| baptism by fire | n | (first combat experience for a soldier) | battesimo del fuoco nm |
| Bullets were flying all around and people were dying; it was truly a baptism by fire. |
| È stato un vero e proprio battesimo del fuoco per i nuovi arrivati nella base italiana a Falluja. |
| be advised by | | | essere consigliato da |
| be affected by | | to feel the effects of | risentire di v |
| be affected by | | to feel the effects of | subire l'influenza di v |
| be assisted by | | | essere affiancato da pp |
| be attended by sth | v | (be accompanied by sth) | essere accompagnato da |
| be attracted by sth | v | (find sth appealing) | essere attratto da |
| be besotted by sb | v | (be infatuated with sb) | essere infatuato di vi |
| be bounded by | | | essere legato da |
| be caused by | vtr | (result from) | essere causato da vi |
| Many of his physical problems were really caused by a poor diet when he was a child. |
| The problems with your lawn may be caused by too much water. |
| be characterized by sth | v | (have sth as an identifying trait) | essere caratterizzato da vi |
| be constituted by | | | essere costituito da |
| be controlled by sb | v | (person: be manipulated by sb) | essere manipolato da vi |
| be directed by sb | v | (film: have as director) film | essere diretto da vi |
| be directed by sb | vi | (film, project: be coordinated by sb) | essere diretto da vi |
| be directed by sb | v | (be controlled by sb) | essere controllato da vi |
| be divided by | vtr | (have differing opinions on) | avere opinioni divergenti vi |
| be divided by | vtr | (arithmetic: to be separated into equal quantities) | essere diviso in, essere ripartito vi |
| be followed by | vtr | (precede, come before) | essere seguito da vi |
| The calm is always followed by the storm. |
| be formed by sth | v | (be created by sth: a process, etc.) | essere formato da vi |
| be frightened by sth | v | (be startled or scared by sth) | essere impaurito da vi |
| be guided by | | | essere guidato da |
| be hired by sb | v | (do contract work for sb) | essere ingaggiato da vi |
| be hired by sb | v | (be employed by sb) | essere assunto da vi |
| be hit by a car | v | (be knocked down by a motor vehicle) | venir preso sotto da un'auto vi |
| be hit by lightning | v | (be struck by electrical bolt) | venire colpito da un fulmine vi |
| be hosted by | vtr | (be compared by) | essere condotto da vi |
| be inspired by sth | v | (feel motivated by sth) | essere ispirato da vi |
| be known by | | | essere conosciuto da |
| be led by | vtr | (be guided by) | farsi guidare da, farsi guidare dai consigli di, farsi consigliare da vi |
| I will be led by my doctor's advice. |
| be led by | vtr | (be managed by) | essere guidato da, essere gestito da vi |
| The research project was led by a university professor. |
| be limited by | | | essere limitato da |
| be made by | vtr | (be manufactured or crafted by) | essere prodotto da, essere fatto da vi |
| This beautiful cap was made by native Peruvians. |
| be managed by sb | v | (person: be subordinate to sb) | essere sotto di vi |
| be managed by sb | vi | (project: be handled by sb) | essere gestito da vi |
| be marked by sth | v | (person: be emotionally affected by sth) figurato | essere segnato da vi |
| be marked by sth | v | (occasion: be commemorated by sth) | essere commemorato vi |
| be powered by | vtr | (run or function on) | essere alimentato da vi |
| Most cars are powered by petrol. |
| be produced by sb | v | (film: be funded by sb) film | essere prodotto da vi |
| be provided by | vtr | (be supplied by) | essere fornito da vi |
| Staff uniforms will be provided by the employer. |
| Le uniformi sono fornite dal datore di lavoro. |
| be regulated by | | | essere regolato da |
| be relied upon by sb | v | (be trusted or depended on by sb) | qn fa conto su qn vi |
| be seized by | | | essere colto da |
| be sponsored by sb | vi | (receive funding from sb) | essere sponsorizzato da vi |
| be spurred on by sth | v | (be motivated or moved to act by sth) | essere spronato da vi |
| be struck by sth | vi | (become strongly aware of sth) figurato | essere fortemente colpito da |
| be surrounded by | v | (be enclosed or encircled by) | essere circondato da vi |
| be turned on by | | | eccitarsi per |
| be united by sth | vi | (have sth as a common concern) | essere uniti da qc vi |
| | | avere qc in comune vi |
| be written by | vtr | (have as author) | essere scritto da vi |
| The story was written by Edgar Allan Poe. |
| Questo romanzo è stato scritto da Edgar Allan Poe. |
| begin by doing sth | v | (do sth first) | iniziare da vi |
| bit by bit | | | pezzo dopo pezzo |
| bit-by-bit, bit by bit | adj | (done gradually, piecemeal) | graduale agg |
| | | a poco a poco, per gradi avv |
| Nota: hyphen omitted when term is an adv |
| bitten by the love bug | | modo di dire | colpito dall'amore |
| blow by | vi | (be swept past by the wind) | essere trascinato da vi |
| | | svolazzare trascinato dal vento vi |
| A paper bag blew by me on a windy day. |
| blow-by-blow, blow by blow | adj | (step by step, as it happened) precisamente, in ogni dettaglio | per filo e per segno adj |
| The eyewitness gave a blow-by-blow description of the horrific event. |
| Mi ha detto dell'accaduto per filo e per segno. |
| | | in ogni dettaglio adj |
| Mi ha informato dell'incidente in ogni dettaglio. |
| brush by | | | sfiorare passando |
| by a great deal | adv | (by a large amount or extent) | di gran lunga avv |
| The Indian Ocean is smaller than the Pacific Ocean by a great deal. |
| Marcello è di gran lunga il miglior studente del conservatorio e sarà senz'altro un concertista di successo. |
| by a hair | adv | (by a very slight margin, only just) | per un pelo avv |
| by a hair's breadth | adv | (by the slightest margin) | per un pelo idiom |
| The horse won by a hair's breadth. |
| Che paura, sono vivo per un pelo! |
| by a majority | adv | (by most people, by more than half) | a maggioranza avv |
| They were able to pass their laws by a majority vote of 51 to 49. |
| Il progetto di legge è stato approvato a maggioranza. |
| by a narrow margin | adv | (by a very small number or amount) | di stretta misura avv |
| He was elected president by a narrow margin. |
| Il candidato locale ha vinto le elezioni di stretta misura. |
| | | con un margine ristretto avv |
| La gara è stata vinta ancora dai francesi, stavolta con un margine molto ristretto. |
| by a show of hands | adv | (with an impromptu vote) | per alzata di mano avv |
| Our class decided to continue reading the novel by a show of hands. |
| Voteremo per alzata di mano. |
| by accident | adv | (mistakenly, not intentionally) | per errore avv |
| | | involontariamente avv |
| by acclamation | | | per acclamazione |
| by air | adv | (via aeroplane) | in aereo avv |
| by air | adv | (through the atmosphere) | via etere avv |
| by airmail | adv | (postal delivery: via plane) | via posta aerea, tramite posta aerea avv |
| All letters from the U.S. to Africa go by airmail these days; surface mail isn't available. |
| La spedizione avverrà via posta aerea. |
| | | per via aerea avv |
| La lettera sarà spedita per via aerea. |
| by airplane | | | con l'aereo |
| by all accounts | adv | (according to everyone) | a detta di tutti avv |
| by all means | adv | (of course, certainly) | assolutamente avv |
| | | certamente avv |
| by and by | adv | (in a while from now) | tra breve avv |
| by and by | adv | (after a while) | poco dopo avv |
| Be patient! I'll get around to it by and by. |
| Poco dopo se ne andò. |
| by and large | adv | (in general, on the whole) | in generale avv |
| | | in linea di massima avv |
| by any chance | adv | (possibly) | per caso avv |
| Would you by any chance be able to lend me $10? |
| Per caso servite le pizze a domicilio? |
| by any means | adv | (in any way, via any method) | con ogni mezzo avv |
| Nella giungla bisogna sopravvivere con ogni mezzo. |
| | | ad ogni costo avv |
| Arriverò in tempo, ad ogni costo. |
| by any standard | adv | (by no matter what measure) | sotto ogni punto di vista avv |
| by auction | | generale | all'asta adj |
| by birth | adv | (through one's family) | per nascita avv |
| The U.S. Constitution requires the president to be American by birth, not a naturalized citizen. |
| Sono di sangue blu e lo sono per nascita. |
| by bus | adv | (travel or transport: on a bus) | in autobus avv |
| by cable | | | via cavo |
| by car | adv | (via motor vehicle) | in macchina avv |
| by categories | | | per categorie |
| by chance | adv | (coincidentally) | per caso avv |
| by choice | adv | (willingly, of one's free will) | per scelta avv |
| I did not exactly retire by choice. |
| Ad oggi io sono single per scelta. |
| by command | adv | (by giving orders) | a comando avv |
| Sono stufo di fare sempre tutto a comando! |
| Segnala un errore |
| 100 successive |